docs: update linking
This commit is contained in:
parent
c009ea53f0
commit
6350356f15
9 changed files with 19 additions and 19 deletions
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Differential manifolds
|
||||
|
||||
In the following sections of differential geometry we make use of the Einstein summation convention introduced in [vector analysis](/en/physics/mathematical-physics/vector-analysis/curvilinear-coordinates/) and $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}.$
|
||||
In the following sections of differential geometry we make use of the Einstein summation convention and $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}$.
|
||||
|
||||
## Definition
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ The last axiom ensures that any chart is tacitly assumed to be already contained
|
|||
|
||||
To clarify the definitions, a passive transformation corresponds only to a descriptive transformation. Whereas an active transformation corresponds to a transformation on the manifold $M$.
|
||||
|
||||
A passive transformation may also be given directly by $\phi_\beta \circ \phi_\alpha: x \mapsto y$ since $\psi = \mathrm{id}$ in this case. Note that the definitions could also have been given by the inverse as the transformations are all diffeomorphisms.
|
||||
A passive transformation may also be given directly by $\phi_\beta \circ \phi_\alpha: x \mapsto y$ since $\psi = \mathrm{id}$ in this case. Note that the definitions could also have been given by the inverse as the transformations are all diffeomorphisms.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Dual vector spaces
|
||||
|
||||
We have a $n \in \mathbb{N}$ finite dimensional vector space $V$ such that $\dim V = n$, with a basis $\{\mathbf{e}_i\}_{i=1}^n.$ In the following sections we make use of the Einstein summation convention introduced in [vector analysis](/en/physics/mathematical-physics/vector-analysis/curvilinear-coordinates/) and $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R} \lor\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}$.
|
||||
We have a $n \in \mathbb{N}$ finite dimensional vector space $V$ such that $\dim V = n$, with a basis $\{\mathbf{e}_i\}_{i=1}^n.$ In the following sections we make use of the Einstein summation convention introduced and $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R} \lor\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}$.
|
||||
|
||||
> *Definition 1*: let $\mathbf{\hat f}: V \to \mathbb{K}$ be a **covector** or **linear functional** on $V$ if for all $\mathbf{v}_{1,2} \in V$ and $\lambda, \mu \in \mathbb{K}$ we have
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ From theorem 1 it follows that for each covector basis $\{\mathbf{\hat e}^i\}$ o
|
|||
|
||||
??? note "*Proof*:"
|
||||
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Furthermore it follows from the definition that any linear combination of eigenv
|
|||
A \mathbf{x} - \lambda \mathbf{x} = (A - \lambda I) \mathbf{x} = \mathbf{0},
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
which implies that $(A - \lambda I)$ is singular and $\det(A - \lambda I) = 0$ by [definition](../determinants/#properties-of-determinants).
|
||||
which implies that $(A - \lambda I)$ is singular and $\det(A - \lambda I) = 0$ by [definition](determinants.md#properties-of-determinants).
|
||||
|
||||
The eigenvalues $\lambda$ may thus be determined from the **characteristic polynomial** of degree $n$ that is obtained from $\det (A - \lambda I) = 0$. In particular, the eigenvalues are the roots of this polynomial.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ The complex conjugate of an eigenvector of $A$ is also an eigenvector of $A$ wit
|
|||
|
||||
??? note "*Proof*:"
|
||||
|
||||
Let $A$ be a $n \times n$ matrix and let $\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n \in \mathbb{K}$ be the eigenvalues of $A$. It follows from the [fundamental theorem of algebra](../../number-theory/complex-numbers/#roots-of-polynomials) that
|
||||
Let $A$ be a $n \times n$ matrix and let $\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n \in \mathbb{K}$ be the eigenvalues of $A$. It follows from the [fundamental theorem of algebra](../number-theory/complex-numbers.md#roots-of-polynomials) that
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\det (A - \lambda I) = (\lambda_1 - \lambda)(\lambda_2 - \lambda) \cdots (\lambda_n - \lambda),
|
||||
|
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ for $k \in \mathbb{K}$.
|
|||
|
||||
### Hermitian case
|
||||
|
||||
The following section is for the special case that a matrix is [Hermitian](../matrices/matrix-arithmatic/#hermitian-matrix).
|
||||
The following section is for the special case that a matrix is [Hermitian](matrices/matrix-arithmetic.md#hermitian-matrix).
|
||||
|
||||
> *Theorem 7*: the eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -264,4 +264,4 @@ The factorization $A = U T U^H$ is often referred to as the *Schur decomposition
|
|||
|
||||
??? note "*Proof*:"
|
||||
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ for all $\mathbf{v} \in S$, and hence $\mathbf{u}_1 + \mathbf{u}_2 \in S^\perp$.
|
|||
|
||||
### Fundamental subspaces
|
||||
|
||||
Let $V$ be an Euclidean inner product space $V = \mathbb{R}^n$ with its inner product defined by the [scalar product](../inner-product-spaces/#euclidean-inner-product-spaces). With this definition of the inner product on $V$ the following theorem may be posed.
|
||||
Let $V$ be an Euclidean inner product space $V = \mathbb{R}^n$ with its inner product defined by the [scalar product](inner-product-spaces.md#euclidean-inner-product-spaces). With this definition of the inner product on $V$ the following theorem may be posed.
|
||||
|
||||
> *Theorem 1*: let $A$ be an $m \times n$ matrix, then
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Known as the fundamental theorem of linear algebra. Which can be used to prove t
|
|||
S^\perp = R(X^T)^\perp = N(X),
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
from the [rank nullity theorem](../vector-spaces/#rank-and-nullity) it follows that
|
||||
from the [rank nullity theorem](vector-spaces.md#rank-and-nullity) it follows that
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\dim S^\perp = \dim N(X) = n - r.
|
||||
|
@ -464,4 +464,4 @@ $$
|
|||
\mathbf{\hat x} = (A^T A)^{-1} A^T \mathbf{b},
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
is the unique solution of the normal equations for $A$ nonsingular and consequently, the unique least squares solution of the system $A \mathbf{x} = \mathbf{b}$.
|
||||
is the unique solution of the normal equations for $A$ nonsingular and consequently, the unique least squares solution of the system $A \mathbf{x} = \mathbf{b}$.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Tensor formalism
|
||||
|
||||
We have a $n \in \mathbb{N}$ finite dimensional vector space $V$ such that $\dim V = n$, with a basis $\{\mathbf{e}_i\}_{i=1}^n$ and a corresponding dual space $V^*$ with a basis $\{\mathbf{\hat e}^i\}.$ In the following sections we make use of the Einstein summation convention introduced in [vector analysis](/en/physics/mathematical-physics/vector-analysis/curvilinear-coordinates/) and $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R} \lor\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}.$
|
||||
We have a $n \in \mathbb{N}$ finite dimensional vector space $V$ such that $\dim V = n$, with a basis $\{\mathbf{e}_i\}_{i=1}^n$ and a corresponding dual space $V^*$ with a basis $\{\mathbf{\hat e}^i\}.$ In the following sections we make use of the Einstein summation convention and $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R} \lor\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}$.
|
||||
|
||||
## Definition
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -239,4 +239,4 @@ with $u^j = g^{ij} u_i$.
|
|||
> \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{e}^i) = g_{ij} \mathbf{\hat e}^j.
|
||||
> $$
|
||||
|
||||
So far, a vector space $V$ and its associated dual space $V^*$ have been introduced as a priori independent entities. An inner product provides us with an explicit mechanism to construct a bijective linear mapping associated with each vector by virtue of the metric.
|
||||
So far, a vector space $V$ and its associated dual space $V^*$ have been introduced as a priori independent entities. An inner product provides us with an explicit mechanism to construct a bijective linear mapping associated with each vector by virtue of the metric.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ To put it differently; a Hamiltonian of a conservative autonomous system is cons
|
|||
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
|
||||
It may be observed that the Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$ and [generalised energy](/en/physics/mechanics/lagrangian-mechanics/lagrange-generalizations/#the-generalized-energy) $h$ are identical. Note however that $\mathcal{H}$ must be expressed in $(\mathbf{q},\mathbf{p},t)$ which is not the case for $h$.
|
||||
It may be observed that the Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$ and [generalised energy](../lagrangian-mechanics/lagrange-generalizations.md#the-generalized-energy) $h$ are identical. Note however that $\mathcal{H}$ must be expressed in $(\mathbf{q},\mathbf{p},t)$ which is not the case for $h$.
|
||||
|
||||
> *Proposition 2*: a coordinate $q_j$ is cyclic if
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# Hamiltonian formalism of mechanics
|
||||
|
||||
The Hamiltonian formalism of mechanics is based on the definitions posed by [Lagrangian mechanics](/en/physics/mechanics/lagrangian-mechanics/lagrangian-formalism) and the axioms, postulates and principles posed in the [Newtonian formalism](/en/physics/mechanics/newtonian-mechanics/newtonian-formalism/).
|
||||
The Hamiltonian formalism of mechanics is based on the definitions posed by [Lagrangian mechanics](../lagrangian-mechanics/lagrangian-formalism.md) and the axioms, postulates and principles posed in the [Newtonian formalism](../newtonian-mechanics/newtonian-formalism.md).
|
||||
|
||||
Where the Lagrangian formalism used the [principle of virtual work](/en/physics/mechanics/lagrangian-mechanics/lagrange-equations/#principle-of-virtual-work) to derive the Lagrangian equations of motion, the Hamiltonian formalism will derive the Lagrangian equations with the stationary action principle. A derivative of Fermat's principle of least time.
|
||||
Where the Lagrangian formalism used the [principle of virtual work](../lagrangian-mechanics/lagrange-equations.md#principle-of-virtual-work) to derive the Lagrangian equations of motion, the Hamiltonian formalism will derive the Lagrangian equations with the stationary action principle. A derivative of Fermat's principle of least time.
|
||||
|
||||
In Hamilton's formulation the stationary action principle is referred to as Hamilton's principle.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Lagrangian formalism of mechanics
|
||||
|
||||
The Lagrangian formalism of mechanics is based on the axioms, postulates and principles posed in the [Newtonian formalism](/en/physics/mechanics/newtonian-mechanics/newtonian-formalism/).
|
||||
The Lagrangian formalism of mechanics is based on the axioms, postulates and principles posed in the [Newtonian formalism](../newtonian-mechanics/newtonian-formalism.md).
|
||||
|
||||
## Configuration of a system
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ for all $t \in \mathbb{R}$ (inexplicitly).
|
|||
|
||||
??? note "*Proof*:"
|
||||
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
Will be added later.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
## Potential energy
|
||||
|
||||
> *Definition 1*: a force field $\mathbf{F}$ is conservative if it is [irrotational](../../mathematical-physics/vector-analysis/vector-operators/#potentials)
|
||||
> *Definition 1*: a force field $\mathbf{F}$ is conservative if it is [irrotational](../../mathematical-physics/vector-analysis/vector-operators.md#potentials)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> $$
|
||||
> \nabla \times \mathbf{F} = 0,
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue